Gancheva, S. Late Roman Unguentaria of Durostorum
Late Roman Unguentaria of Durostorum
In: Obscured Balkans, vol. 1, 2024.
Author:
Received: April 30, 2024
Technical Evaluation: May 30, 2024
Editorial Review: June 10, 2024
Peer Review: June 20, 2024
Accepted: July 20, 2024
Published: November 7, 2024
10.6276/OB2024.SG
English
Gancheva, S. 2024. ‘Late Roman Unguentaria of Durostorum.’ Obscured Balkans, vol. 1, pp. 45–55. DOI 10.6276/OB2024.SG, ISSN 3033-1331.
Among late antique pottery, there is a particularly interesting type spread throughout the Mediterranean. In scholarly literature, these vessels are mostly known as late Roman unguentaria and early Christian ampullae. They have a characteristic shape, and some of them also have a stamp. The question regarding the purpose of late Roman unguentaria is not fully clarified and two groups of opinions can be distinguished. The first one connects them with the Christian religion, and the second one considers them as trade items for personal use.
Until now, on the territory of Bulgaria, late Roman unguentaria have been documented in Odessus (13 items), Aquae Calidae (1 item), and Augusta Traiana (1 item). To them, the seven Durostorum specimens, the subject of this article and found during the study of the Roman villa on Patriarch Euthymius St., were also added. Above the base of six of them, there are stamps known from other sites. Although the function of the Durostorum unguentaria cannot be established with certainty, they extended and completed the picture of their distribution in the Balkan provinces and Moesia Secunda in particular.
Durostorum, late Roman unguentaria, stamp, religion, trade items
Akgül-Özarslan, S. 2015, ‘Kibyra’dan Bir Grup Mühürlü Pişmiş Toprak Unguentarium’, 8.
Uluslararası Eskişehir Pişmiş Toprak Sempozyumu, Eski şehir, 2015, pp. 187–212.
Arslan, N. 2004, ‘Antiocheia (Pisidya) kazilarinda bulunan seramikler’, Olba X, 2004, pp. 209–238.
Atanasov, G. 2005. The palace of dorostol bishops of V-VI century, Proceedings of the Rousse Regional museum of history IX, 2005, pp. 100–112.
Aydingün, Ş. et al. 2013, ‘Küçükçekmece göl Havzasi (Bathonea ?) kazilarinda ele geçen unguentariumlar’, İstanbul araştirmalari yilliği 2, 2013, pp. 39–52.
Baldoni, D. 1999, ‘Unguentaria tardoantichi di Iasos: addentum’, Quaderni friulani di archeologia 9, 1999, pp. 131–137.
Baldoni, D. & Franco, C. 1995, ‘Unguentaria tardo-antichi da Iasos’, Revista di archeologia XIX, 1995, pp. 121–128.
Bilgin, S. 2013, Perge kazilarinda bulunmuş damgali unguentariumlar. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul Universitesi Yayınlanmamış, 2013.
Bilgin, S. 2018, ‘Perge’de bulunmuş geç roma dönemi damgalı unguentariumları’, in: Kahya, T. et al. (eds.), Uluslararası Genç Bilimciler Buluşması II: Anadolu Akdeniz Sempozyumu, Antalya, 2018, pp. 117–132.
Brazinski, P. 2014. Late antique pilgrimage and ampullae. History, classification, chronology. Lap Lambert academic publishing, 2014.
Cottica, D. 2000, ‘Unguentari tardo antichi dal Martyrion di Hierapolis, Turchia’, Mélanges de l’école française de Rome 112/2, 2000, pp. 999–1021.
D’Andria, F. 2017, ‘’Hierapolis alma Philippum’’. Nuovi scavi, ricerche e restauri nel Santuario dell’Apostolo’, Rendiconti, 89, 2017, рр. 129–202.
Degeest, R. et. al. 1999, ‘The late roman unguentaria of Sagalassos”, BaBesch 74, 1999, pp. 247–262.
Donevski, P. 2006, ‘Canabae legionis XI Claudiae‘, in: Ivanov, R., Atanasov, G., Donevski, P. The ancient Durostorum, I, Silistra-Sofia, 2006, pp. 186–227/ [Доневски, П. 2006, Канаби на XI Клавдиев легион. – в: Иванов, Р., Атанасов, Г., Доневски, П. Античният Дуросторум, том I, Силистра-София, 2006, с. 186–227.]
Duman, B. 2018, ‘Geç Antik Çağ’da Lydia Tripolis’i (MS. 4. yy’dan Sasani Tahribatı’na Kadar)’, in: Şimşek, C. & Kaçar, T (eds.), Geç antik çağ’da Lykos Vadisi ve çevresi,Istanbul, 2018, pp. 343–368.
Dündar, E. 2008, Patara IV.1, Patara unguentariumları, Ege Yayınları, İstanbul, 2008.
Eisenmenger, U. 2003. ‘Late Roman Pottery in Limyra (Lycia)’, in: Abadie-Reynal, C. (ed.), Les céramiques en Anatolie aux époques hellénistiques et romaines. Actes de la Table Ronde d’Istanbul, 23-24 mai 1996, Varia Anatolica XV, Istanbul, 2003. pp. 193–196.
Firat, N. 1999, ‘Perge konut alani keramiği’, Doctora tezi, I. Cilt, Istanbul üniversitesi, 1999.
Fırat, N. 2003, ‘Perge konut alanı kullanım seramiği’, in: C. Abadie-Reynal (ed.), Les céramiques en Anatolie aux époques hellénistiques et romaines. Actes de la Table Ronde d’Istanbul, 23-24 mai 1996, Varia Anatolica XV, Istanbul, 2003. pp. 91–95.
Gassner, V. 1997, Das Südtor der Tetragonos-Agora: Keramik und Kleinfunde, FiE 13/1/1, Wien, 1997.
Hayes, J. W.1968, ‘A Seventh-Century Pottery Group’, Excavatıons at Saraçhane in Istanbul: Fifth Prelımınary Report, Dumbarton Oaks Papers 22, pp. 203–216.
Hayes, J. W. 1971, ‘A new type of early christian ampulla’, The annual of the British school at Athens 66, 1971, pp. 243–248.
Hayes, J. W. 1992, Excavations at Saraçhane in Istanbul 2, The pottery, Princeton university press, 1992.
Hayes, J. W. 2008, Roman Pottery: Fine-Ware Imports, Athenian Agora 32, Princeton, American School of Classical Studies at Athens, 2008.
Harmonn, C. & Brightman, F. 2006. Ancient Liturgies of the East. Gorgias press, 2006.
Kaya, D. 2018, ‘Küçükçekmece Göl Havzası (Bathonea) Kazıları Geç Antik Çağ Yapı
Kompleksinin Unguentariumlar Üzerinden De ğerlendirilmesi’, International
Symposium of Propontis and the Surrounding Cultures from Pre-history to the End
of Antiquity. Abstracts Booklet, 15-19 Ekim/October 2018, Çanakkale, Ankara,
2018, p. 41.
Kaya, D. 2019. Küçükçekmece göl havzasi (bathonea) kazilari unguentariumlari, Yüksek lisans tezi, Trakya üniversitesi, 2019.
Kılınç, A. et. al. ‘Perge stadium kazılarında bulunmuş bir grup geç roma unguentariumu‘, Höyük 12, 2023, pp. 135–156.
Martorell, F. 2023. ‘Late Roman Unguentaria en Tarragona: resultados preliminares sobre su caracterización tipológica, distribución y evolución en su suburbio portuario (siglos VII – inicios del VIII d. C.)’, Pyrenae 54, 2023, pp. 173–196.
Meriç, A. 2018, ‘Late roman pottery from the theatre of Nicaea in Bithynia’, Anatolia Antiqua XXVI, 2018, pp. 69–87.
Metaxas, S. 2005, ‘Frühbyzantinische Ampullen und Amphoriskoi aus Ephesos’, in: Krinzinger Fr. (ed.), Spätantike und mittelalterliche Keramik aus Ephesos, Wien, 2005, pp. 67–123.
Minchev, Al. 1992, ‘Early byzantine pottery ampullae from Odessos’, Proceedings of the Varna Regional museum of history 28 (43), 1992, pp. 127–136./ [Минчев, Ал. „Ранновизантийски глинени ампули от Одесос“, Известия на Народния музей Варна 28(43), 1992, с. 127–136.]
Nikolov, D. & Kalchev, K. ‘Еxcavations at the site of the Youth Center in Stara Zagora in 1982’, Proceedings of the museums of south-eastern Bulgaria IX, 1986, pp. 39–66. [Николов, Д. & Калчев, К. Разкопки на обект „Младежки дом“ в Стара Загора през 1982 г., Известия на музеите от югоизточна България, IX, 1986, с. 39–66.]
Nikolov, M. 2016, ‘Late antique ceramic unguentarium found during excavation of Aquae Calidae’, In: Studia in honorem professoris Borisi Borisov 2, Veliko Turnovo, 2016, pp. 395–398./ [Николов, М. 2016. „Късноантичен глинен унгвентарий от разкопките на Акве Калиде“, В: Проф. д-р Борис Д. Борисов – ученици и приятели 2, Велико Търново, 2016, с. 395–398.]
Ötüken, S. 2003, ‘Likya bölgesi’ndeki kazi ve yüzey araştirmalari çerçevesinde ortaçağ seramikleri’, Adalya VI, 2003, pp. 233–249.
Öz, C. 2022, ‘Myra’nın liman yerleşimi Andriake’de ele geçen geç roma dönemi unguentariumla’, Tarih araştirmalari dergisi 41, 2022, pp. 59–89.
Özüdoğru, Ş. 2018, ‘Geç antikçağ’da Kibyra’, Cedrus VI, 2018, pp. 13–64.
Özüdoğru, Ş. & Dündar, E. Kibyra geç roma – erken doğu roma dönemi mühürlü unguentariumlari, Olba XV, 2007, pp. 145–177.
Robinson, H. S. 1959, Pottery of the Roman period, Agora V, 1959.
Sánchez, J. & Martín, I. 2008. ‘Ungüentarios bizantinos con sello epigráfico en Carthago Spartaria’, Archivo español de arqueología 81, 2008, pp. 151–176.
Sauer, R. & Ladstätter, S. 2005, ‘Mineralogisch-petrographische Analysen von frühbyzantinischen Ampullen und Amphoriskoi aus Ephesos’, in: Krinzinger Fr. (eds.), Spätantike und mittelalterliche Keramik aus Ephesos, Wien, 2005, pp. 125–135.
Semeraro, G. & Aquilino, M. 2021, Notes on late roman unguentaria from Hierapolis in Phrygia (Turkey): a contribution to the study of the contents, Lycus Dergisi 4, 2021, pp. 57–73,
Şimşek, C. & Duman, B. 2007, ‘Laodikeia’da Bulunan GeÇ Antik Çağ Unguentariumları’, Adalya X, 2007, pp. 285–308.
Türker, A. 2005, ‘Myra’da Aziz Nikolaos’un yağ kültüyle İlişkili seramik kaplar’ Adalya VIII, 2005, pp. 311–327.
Vroom, J. 2005, Byzantine to modern poterry in Aegen: an introduction and field guide, Parnassus Press, Bujleveld, 2005.
